Categories of Civilians Receiving Special Protection under International Humanitarian Law
During an armed conflict, all civilians are protected under international humanitarian law (IHL). Attacks on civilians and civilian objects, acts of terror, violence, reprisals, and the use of starvation as a method of warfare are strictly prohibited.
At the same time, IHL provides special protection for the most vulnerable categories of civilians.
Who is under special protection:
- Children – entitled to protection and assistance due to their age or other circumstances.
- Women – protection of dignity and prohibition of all forms of sexual violence.
- Pregnant women, mothers, and nursing caregivers – priority access to medical and humanitarian assistance.
- Persons with disabilities, the sick, and the elderly – entitled to special respect and protection.
Civilians under special protection due to their professional activities:
- Journalists deployed to conflict areas
- Medical personnel and medical units
- Humanitarian workers
- Civil defence personnel
- Individuals responsible for the protection of cultural property
- Red Cross and Red Crescent staff and volunteers
All civilians who do not take a direct part in hostilities are protected under IHL. Certain categories receive additional protection because of their vulnerability or the nature of their professional activity.
The Ukrainian Red Cross continues to raise awareness of IHL and the importance of adhering to its norms.